• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Piece, procedure for its formation and uses thereof. The present invention relates to a piece characterized in that its composition comprises the following components: alkali-resistant glass fibers or fibers of special steels or polypropylene fibers or combinations thereof, hydraulic cement binder, inorganic pigments, polycarboxylate, siliceous or granitic sand and water, and because it has a length between 180 and 240 cm, a width between 10 and 15 cm and a thickness between 2 and 5 cm. The present invention also relates to the manufacturing process and the uses of said piece. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2715615A1
    申请号:ES201731387
    申请日:2017-12-05
    公开日:2019-06-05
    发明作者:Gratacos Àngel Sitjà
    申请人:Sitja Gratacos Angel；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002]
    [0003]
    [0004] Field of the invention
    [0005]
    [0006] The present invention relates to the field of construction. In particular, the present invention relates to a piece with certain chemical and physical characteristics that make it suitable for floor covering and wall formation.
    [0007]
    [0008] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0009]
    [0010] It is known the ancestral use of wooden slats and boards to form floor or wall coverings or for the formation of walls and fences.
    [0011]
    [0012] The use of wood for these uses is desired and valued for the aesthetics of the same, but suffer from problems of durability, especially in their applications in the open, forcing an important maintenance cost, or for suffering serious problems of deterioration , since the formation of splinters or breaks and deformations affect the safety of users.
    [0013]
    [0014] It is also known the solution of slats and boards of concrete molding on formwork or starting from wooden models. The material known as concrete also presents problems of durability in long, narrow and thin pieces. This is due to the fact that it is fragile and admits little load of use, or else, it needs internal reinforcement of steel rod so that by simple reinforcement or by prestressing action the sudden breakage of the piece is avoided. However, over time these armatures deteriorate causing cracks, deformations or breaks in the parts.
    [0015]
    [0016] In addition, there are also imitations in synthetic materials, based on organic resin binders, which more or less reinforced, reproduce the appearance of the original wood slats and boards, but without overcoming the problems of durability due to breakage, chipping and deformation, being also very vulnerable to fire.
    [0017]
    [0018] All the antecedents constitute solutions of high cost considering their necessities of care, repairs and substitutions, in spite of which it is frequent to see the pieces of wood, concrete or plastic materials, deformed, cracked and broken, when not splintered and disassembled, which can cause injuries to the feet and hands of users.
    [0019]
    [0020] The present inventors have developed a piece with a particular composition that allows it to have a length greater than 15 times its width and 60 times its thickness with the utility of being able to constitute floor coverings capable of supporting the passage of people for many years, as well as of forming walls by means of wall coverings or assemblies of fences, without breaking fragilely.
    [0021]
    [0022] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0023]
    [0024] Figure 1 represents a perspective view of the part in its variant in which the upper and lower faces are smooth.
    [0025]
    [0026] Figures 2A and 2B represent a cross-sectional section of the piece, in which the fibers can be observed, the breakage of which has not occurred completely due to their very high tensile strength, but has simply been torn off.
    [0027]
    [0028] Figure 3 shows the temperature graph (° C) vs. cycle time (h) corresponding to example 2c.
    [0029]
    [0030] Figures 4A and 4B show schematically how the test of example 3 was carried out.
    [0031]
    [0032] Figure 5 shows the results of the test of Example 3, in particular with respect to the break at 7 days.
    [0033]
    [0034] Figure 6 shows the results of the test of Example 3, in particular with respect to the break at 28 days.
    [0035]
    [0036] Description of the invention
    [0037]
    [0038] The present invention relates in a first aspect to a piece characterized in that its composition comprises the following components: alkali-resistant glass fibers or fibers of special steels or polypropylene fibers or combinations thereof, hydraulic cement binder, inorganic pigments, polycarboxylate, siliceous or granitic sand and water, and because it has a length between 180 and 240 cm, a width between 10 and 15 cm and a thickness between 2 and 5 cm. In a preferred embodiment, the piece has a length of 200 cm, a width of 12.5 cm and a thickness of 3 cm. With these dimensions the weight of the piece is usually about 18 kg, which makes it easily handy to assemble floor coverings, walls, walls or forming partitions and fences.
    [0039]
    [0040] In another preferred embodiment, the piece in its composition further comprises nanosilica, or metakaolin, or graphene in the form of nanofibers, or acrylic polymer, or a combination thereof.
    [0041]
    [0042] In another preferred embodiment, the hydraulic cement binder is present in the total composition of the piece in an amount between 600 and 1,000 kg per cubic meter of total composition.
    [0043]
    [0044] In another preferred embodiment, said cement hydraulic binder is white or gray Portland cement, or magnesian cement, or hydraulic lime, or fly ash, or a combination thereof.
    [0045]
    [0046] In another preferred embodiment, the alkali-resistant glass fibers or fibers of special steels or polypropylene fibers or combinations thereof are present in the total composition of the part in an amount between 40 and 100 kg per cubic meter of the total composition.
    [0047]
    [0048] In another preferred embodiment, the siliceous or granitic sands are present in the total composition of the piece in an amount between 700 and 1,000 kg per cubic meter of the total composition.
    [0049]
    [0050] In another preferred embodiment, the polycarboxylate is present in the total composition of the piece in an amount between 10 and 30 kg per cubic meter of the total composition.
    [0051]
    [0052] In another preferred embodiment, the water is present in the total composition of the piece in an amount between 150 and 300 liters per cubic meter of the total composition.
    [0053]
    [0054] In another preferred embodiment, the inorganic pigments are present in the total composition of the piece in an amount between 5 and 30 kg per cubic meter of the total composition.
    [0055]
    [0056] In another preferred embodiment, the acrylic polymer is present in the total composition of the piece in an amount between 20 and 100 kg per cubic meter of the total composition.
    [0057] In another preferred embodiment, graphene in the form of nanofibers is present in the total composition of the piece in an amount between 1 and 30 kg per cubic meter of the total composition.
    [0058]
    [0059] In another preferred embodiment, the nanosilica is present in the total composition of the piece in an amount between 8 and 20 kg per cubic meter of the total composition.
    [0060]
    [0061] In another preferred embodiment, the methacholine is present in the total composition of the piece in an amount between 60 and 120 kg per cubic meter of the total composition.
    [0062]
    [0063] In another preferred embodiment, the part also comprises anatase titanium dioxide without photocatalytically active dopant in its composition. Said titanium dioxide may be present in the composition of the piece regardless of whether optional elements of nanosilica, metakaolin, graphene in the form of nanofibers, acrylic polymer, or a combination thereof are present.
    [0064]
    [0065] The piece obtained has the particularity that it is free of an internal reinforcement, as described in the prior art, and that due to the composition it has an exceptional resistance to flexural motion, that is to say it breaks only after a previous and ostensible deformation, thus avoiding a fragile break and consequently a high safety of use and a high durability.
    [0066]
    [0067] As shown in Figure 1, the piece of the invention has a geometry reminiscent of a thin board of great length and reduced thickness that could be like those of wood or a metal profile of the state of the art. It should be noted that as it is a piece of response to high aesthetic demands, the surfaces can be customized practically unlimited by textures that are the negative of those previously created in the molds or formwork.
    [0068]
    [0069] As shown in Figure 2A and 2B, the material is a conglomerate composite of a large number of fibers with a mineral granulometry and an ultrafine binder which is reactive when the whole compound is mixed with water in its molding process.
    [0070]
    [0071] It should be noted that each of the embodiments mentioned above for the first aspect of the invention can be combined independently with one or more of any of the embodiments mentioned in said first aspect of the invention.
    [0072]
    [0073] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for the formation of a piece, according to any of the embodiments indicated in the first aspect of the invention, comprising the steps of:
    [0074] (a) mix the components.
    [0075] (b) pour the components into molds by means of gravity, injection or pumping and simultaneous compaction.
    [0076] (c) placing the molds in hardening chambers at a temperature between 20 ° and 70 ° C, preferably between 20 ° C and 60 ° C, and humidity between 60% and 100%, preferably between 60% and 99%, to avoid the deformation that would occur in pieces so narrow, long and thin, (d) unmold the pieces of the molds.
    [0077]
    [0078] In one embodiment, the temperature in the hardening chambers is between 20 ° C and 60 ° C.
    [0079]
    [0080] Regardless of the temperature, in one embodiment, the humidity in the hardening chambers is between 60% and 99%, preferably between 60% and 90%.
    [0081]
    [0082] In this procedure, it must be taken into account that the molds are usually prepared in such a way that they are negative of the pieces to be manufactured and that they are in an amount equal to that of the pieces to be produced in a certain time, which is the opposite of what that is usual in the manufacturing processes of similar products but of much shorter length in which the demoulding is not deferred but immediately thanks to the use of press machines. Deferred demoulding causes the pieces to rest in their molds for a whole day and after removing the pieces, they go through a washing tunnel and return to the position in which they are re-filled with the composite material that has already been expressed (stage ( to)).
    [0083]
    [0084] The mixing of the components of stage (a) is usually carried out in a disperser-mixer that rotates at 300-1800 rpm to avoid the tendency to disintegrate said components. The use of said disperser-mixer is optimal, since this material, which can not be considered either a concrete or a mortar, is a paste like "a mash" with a granulometry of 0 to 1 mm that embraces alkalisistant glass fibers in so high proportion that the kneading is usually made with this special machine (dispersor-mixer) that does not mix but beats like a shaker.
    [0085]
    [0086] In step (d), once the pieces have been demolded, they pass a quality control of perfection of appearance and resistance to bending that reaches 24 MPa at 4 MPa, reaching 14 MPa four weeks later.
    [0087]
    [0088] Optionally, before performing the quality control, said pieces are dried at room temperature and a surface water-repellent is applied, normally an organic protective agent, which gives the pieces a resistance to dirt when they are in use.
    [0089]
    [0090] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a piece, according to any of the embodiments indicated in the first aspect of the invention, for floor covering or for the coating or forming of walls.
    [0091]
    [0092] In the case of applying to floors, the pieces of the invention can form pavements on bases of poor solidity, such as sand on beaches, the strips themselves being arranged as battens, as a base, separated at a distance between 50 and 70 centimeters, so that on top of them the cladding pieces are held transversely in the form of boards forming a continuity of the coated surface.
    [0093]
    [0094] The pieces of the invention can also form the type of pavement called floating, in which the tractable covering leaves the joints open a few millimeters so that through them it evacuates the water from rain or cleanings, leaning on suitable supports that with graduation of height can achieve a horizontal pavement despite being inclined in its lower base to allow the evacuation of water.
    [0095]
    [0096] In its use as a wall covering or to build walls and fences, the pieces are fastened by means of a suitable hardware to the wall to be coated or to some pilarillos that are manufactured molded from the same material.
    [0097]
    [0098] Next, a series of examples will be provided illustratively that are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
    [0099]
    [0100] EXAMPLES
    [0101]
    [0102] EXAMPLE 1. Manufacturing procedure
    [0103]
    [0104] The components of the mixture are the following:
    [0105] - 850 kg of white cement
    [0106] - 15 kg of iron oxide as pigment
    [0107] - 200 kg of limestone flour
    [0108] - 400 kg of quartz crushed in granulometry of 0,5 mm thickness
    [0109] - 550 kg of quartz crushed in granulometry of 1 mm thickness
    [0110] - 16 kg of fluidiser (polycarboxylate)
    [0111] - 12 kg of hydrophobic mass (stearate)
    [0112] - 200 liters of water
    [0113] - 60 kg of alkali-resistant fiberglass
    [0114]
    [0115] It is a chain production in which the positions, the "links" of the chain, related by order, are the following:
    [0116]
    [0117] First: Preparation of the molds that have been released from the pieces they contained since the previous day. There are as many molds as there are pieces to be manufactured during the day. The preparation consists of passing the molds through a position as a washing tunnel.
    [0118]
    [0119] Second: Preparation of the mixture of raw materials, with a formulation indicated above, in a disperser-mixer device, which rotating at different speeds for 5 minutes, produces a paste like a soup with cream texture, or "mash" with the proportion of fiber that has been indicated perfectly distributed.
    [0120]
    [0121] Third: Circulation and positioning of the clean mold to the filling and compaction position consisting of a vibrating table. The position of this compaction table is similar to that of the disperser-mixer.
    [0122]
    [0123] Fourth: Forced pouring of the mixture on the mold placed on the table compacting for 15 seconds.
    [0124]
    [0125] Fifth: Circulation and positioning of the mold to the resting area for 4 hours.
    [0126]
    [0127] Sixth: Circulation and positioning of the mold to hardening zone constituted by a chamber at 20 ° C temperature and 99 percent humidity.
    [0128]
    [0129] Seventh: After a minimum of 20 hours and a maximum of 60 hours after a weekend: Circulation and positioning at the point of extracting the pieces from the mold, using manual work supported by pneumatic mechanism.
    [0130]
    [0131] The molds return to the first point and the cycle is repeated.
    [0132]
    [0133] From the previous position, Seventh point, the pieces, already released from their molds, continue to:
    [0134]
    [0135] Eighth: Circulation and positioning to application of surface-proof water-repellent, through manual work supported by dosing mechanisms.
    [0136]
    [0137] Ninth: Circulation to the point of verification of aesthetic quality and extraction of one piece out of every 60 for its control of physical and mechanical characteristics in the internal laboratory. Works done manually.
    [0138]
    [0139] Tenth: Circulation to the point of packaging and labeling, and successive withdrawals of the packages to the storage yard.
    [0140]
    [0141] EXAMPLE 2
    [0142]
    [0143] As the material to be analyzed, pieces of the invention having a composition per cubic meter of:
    [0144] - 850 kg of white cement
    [0145] - 15 kg of iron oxide as pigment
    [0146] - 200 kg of limestone flour
    [0147] - 400 kg of quartz crushed in granulometry of 0,5 mm thickness
    [0148] - 550 kg of quartz crushed in granulometry of 1 mm thickness
    [0149] - 16 kg of fluidiser (polycarboxylate)
    [0150] - 12 kg of hydrophobic mass (stearate)
    [0151] - 200 liters of water
    [0152] - 60 kg of alkali-resistant fiberglass
    [0153]
    [0154] and whose dimensions were 200 x 12.5 x 3 cm. The following tests were carried out on them:
    [0155] a) Resistance to bending and breaking load.
    [0156] b) Resistance to abrasion wear (wide disk method)
    [0157] c) Total water absorption
    [0158] d) Climatic resistance (determination of the resistance to ice-thaw)
    [0159] e) Unpolished slip / slip resistance (USRV).
    [0160]
    [0161] It should be noted that there are tests that are developed under the control of several standards since the material of the present invention would not be found under the norm of similar materials but for comparative purposes that standard is also used. Therefore, it is possible that the dimensions of the piece have had to be adjusted in order to perform the test under the corresponding standard.
    [0162]
    [0163] 2a. Resistance to bending and breaking load
    [0164]
    [0165] Being very narrow and thin long pieces, its durability is strongly linked to its resistance to bending, both for use as pavement and for use as a wall enclosure.
    [0166]
    [0167] Consequently, its quality control is based on the control of its flexural strength. The corresponding tests are carried out in accordance with specific European standards that for almost 20 years control the materials with hydraulic binder that contain high doses of fiberglass, specifically UNE EN 1170-5 standards. The regulation operates by supporting on two steel rollers the pieces or the representative pieces of pieces at a certain distance or light between supports that establishes the norm and that is variable depending on the size of the pieces called specimens. In the center of this light between support rollers, the load is applied increasing and at a constant speed, until the piece or specimen is deformed and finally breaks. The laboratory machine that makes the test reflects in a graph how the load is going up and what deformation it is producing, it expresses what is the maximum load registered and what is finally the deformation of rupture.
    [0168]
    [0169] The following characteristics are controlled as established by the European Standard UNE EN 1338 for tiles for exterior floors:
    [0170]
    [0171] The pieces were countersigned with cement mortar before the test.
    [0172] The following results were obtained:
    [0173]
    [0174] M E D IA 2, 81 13, 9
    [0175]
    [0176] Results 2a
    [0177]
    [0178] As can be seen in the table describing the test for 8 tiles (pieces according to the invention), a result close to 14 MPa (13.9) was obtained. According to the most demanding Class of the European Standard (Class of the highest category - Class 3, Marking U) for concrete tiles, 5 MPa of characteristic and 4 of minimum are required. Therefore, it can be stated that the pieces of the invention, which do not have any other internal reinforcement than the fiber in its entire mass, are made of a material of much greater strength than required by the Standard. It should be understood that the pieces are long and thin and one thing is the Resistance and another very different is the Burst Load which will always depend on the position of the supports.
    [0179]
    [0180] 2b. Resistance to abrasion wear (wide disk method)
    [0181]
    [0182] It is an important feature in the use as pavement. It must be as low as possible to prevent successive footsteps from degrading the surface. In the laboratory, a machine presses with a roller that rotates 75 turns on the surface of a piece of piece, at the same time pouring a very abrasive grit. The impression that it produces on the surface is a rectangular slit from which the width is measured in millimeters.
    [0183]
    [0184] The following results were obtained:
    [0185]
    [0186]
    [0187]
    [0188] Based on the standard UNE-EN 1339: 2004 AC: 2006
    [0189]
    [0190]
    [0191]
    [0192]
    [0193]
    [0194]
    [0195] Results 2b
    [0196]
    [0197] The Abrasion Resistance, that is to wear, obtained a result of 17.5 mm width of the slit produced by a disc that presses with intermediation of an abrasive, in what is called the wide disc method in the aforementioned Standard.
    [0198]
    [0199] There are several classes of less to greater resistance to abrasion and the most demanding should be 20 mm maximum footprint width. Therefore, the pieces of the invention with only 17.5 mm produces a result located in the excellence that will result in a self-cleaning behavior in pedestrian use, for the tendency to burnish and to look better the more steps it receives.
    [0200]
    [0201] 2 C. Total water absorption
    [0202]
    [0203] This feature should be as low as possible to avoid staining the pieces with use. Control tests first extract all the occluded water contained in the sample in a laboratory oven and immerse it in water for 24 hours; having exactly weighed the piece before and after immersion, the weight increase divided by the dry weight is the absorption coefficient. It is indicated in percent.
    [0204]
    [0205] The pieces were hydrofuged before the absorption test.
    [0206] The following results were obtained:
    [0207]
    [0208]
    [0209]
    [0210]
    [0211] Based on the UNE-EN 1339: 2004 AC: 2006 standard:
    [0212]
    [0213]
    [0214]
    [0215]
    [0216]
    [0217]
    [0218]
    [0219] Results 2c
    [0220]
    [0221] The total Absorption Coefficient of water with a result of 6% in the test is placed in the standard requirement of the Standard, which is satisfactory because always high doses of fibers tend to cause more absorption. The pieces analyzed contain a hydrophobic ingredient in the dough, which has satisfactorily compensated the tendency of the fiber to sponge the compound.
    [0222]
    [0223] 2d. Climatic resistance (determination of the resistance to ice-thaw)
    [0224]
    [0225] It is a feature that controls the durability of the piece and consists of introducing a sample of the piece in a climatic chamber that programmed for 20 days, each day passes from 20 ° C to -20 ° C in a fast manner established by the norm and so every 24 hours during these days, previously having impregnated the piece in salted water. At the end of the cycles you can scratch the surface and weigh the grams of the material of the piece that have been degraded, thus giving the result obtained.
    [0226] From the original pieces, 3 test pieces of 125 x 125 mm dimensions were prepared keeping all the thickness. Twenty-eight freeze-thaw cycles were carried out, as indicated in figure 3, using a solution of 3% deicer salts of NaCl. The pieces were hydrofuged before the test. The following results were obtained:
    [0227]
    [0228]
    [0229]
    [0230]
    [0231] Based on the standard UNE-EN 1339: 2004 UNE-EN 1339: 2994 / AC: 20016:
    [0232]
    [0233]
    [0234]
    [0235]
    [0236] 2d results
    [0237]
    [0238] The climatic resistance using the ice-thaw test with deicing salts is of great rigor because during 28 days every 24 hours it has gone from an ambient temperature of 20 ° C to a temperature of -20 ° C, in a few hours and every day. The result can be considered as "best impossible" because it has been 0.0 grams of mass loss, when the norm comes to accept a result of one kilogram per square meter on average.
    [0239]
    [0240] 2e. Slip resistance / unpolished slip (USRV)
    [0241]
    [0242] It is an essential requirement for the use of any piece of exterior pavement so that a pedestrian does not slip easily if said pavement is wet. The control is carried out with a device in the form of a pendulum, which located on the wet surface, drops a shoe of rubber and its greater or lesser braking when brushing the surface of the piece, lifts an indicator needle that remains at greater or lesser height on a circular sector graduated, expressing the value reached in this graduation.
    [0243]
    [0244] The test was performed wet with the sliding skid wide on a clean surface of 126 mm.
    [0245]
    [0246] The following results were obtained:
    [0247]
    [0248]
    [0249]
    [0250]
    [0251] According to the UNE-EN 1339: 2004 AC2006 standard:
    [0252] Concrete tiles have a satisfactory resistance to slip / slip as long as all of their exposed face has not been polished to produce a very Usa surface.
    [0253] If in any exceptional case a creep / slip resistance value is required, the minimum creep / slip resistance value will be declared.
    [0254] If the surface of a paving block contains roughness, grooves, grooves or other surface characteristics that impede its testing by the friction pendulum method, it is considered that the product satisfies the requirements established by this standard without being tested.
    [0255] Under normal conditions of use, prefabricated concrete tiles have a satisfactory durability of creep / slip resistance during the useful life of! product, as long as they are subject to normal maintenance, unless a large proportion of aggregate has been used on their exposed side and excessively polished due to use.
    [0256] Seaún The standard UNE 127339: 2012. when it is needed for safety reasons in use, a value higher than 45 is recommended.
    [0257] According to the Technical Building Code, Section SU1 SECURITY AGAINST THE RISK OF FALLS, in order to limit the risk of slippage, the flooring of the areas or areas of residential use Public, Sanitary, Teaching, Commercial, Administrative and Public Concurrency, they will have a suitable class according to the following table, making the test of resistance to slip / slip of the pavements (USRV) with the wet surface with abundant water according to the norm UNE-ENV 12633: 2003:
    [0258]
    [0259]
    [0260]
    [0261]
    [0262] Results 2e
    [0263]
    [0264] The resistance to slip / slip without polishing, with a result of 48 wet, exceeds the result of 45, which is classified as Class 3, which is the maximum requirement, for sloping surfaces, stairs, pools and showers. The European Standards for pavements consider the slip / slip resistance as an essential requirement and the result of the pieces of the invention in this initial type test satisfactorily comply.
    [0265]
    [0266] EXAMPLE 3
    [0267]
    [0268] As the material to be analyzed, parts of the invention were used with the composition of Example 2 and whose dimensions were 80 x 50 x 3 cm (It should be noted that these measurements are used in accordance with the composite material standard - GFRC). A GRC bending resistance test (glass reinforced concrete) was carried out on this piece (complete test) in accordance with the UNE-EN 1170-5: 1998 standard.
    [0269]
    [0270] As they are very long, narrow and thin pieces, their durability is strongly linked to their resistance to bending, both for use as pavement and for use as a wall enclosure,
    [0271] Consequently, its quality control is based on the control of its flexural strength. The corresponding tests are carried out in accordance with specific European standards that for almost 20 years control the materials with hydraulic binder that contain high doses of fiberglass, specifically UNE EN 1170-5 standards. The regulation operates by supporting on two steel rollers the pieces or the representative pieces of pieces at a certain distance or light between supports that establishes the norm and that is variable depending on the size of the pieces called specimens. In the center of this light between support rollers, the load is applied increasing and at a constant speed, until the piece or specimen is deformed and finally breaks. The laboratory machine that makes the test reflects in a graph how the load is going up and what deformation it is producing, it expresses what is the maximum load registered and what is finally the deformation of rupture.
    [0272]
    [0273] For 24 hours prior to the test, the specimens were immersed in a tank filled with water (20 ± 2 ° C). A load was applied at a speed of (10 ± 1) N / s according to Figures 4A and 4B. The specimens T1, T3, B1 and B3 are placed with the "mold" face down on the two lower supports, and the specimens T2, T4, B2 and B4 are placed with the "mold" face in contact with the upper supports.
    [0274]
    [0275] The results are indicated in the following tables and in the graphs of figures 5 and 6:
    [0276]
    [0277]
    [0278]
    [0279]
    [0280] Í
    [0281]
    [0282]
    [0283] ,,,,
    [0284]
    [0285] This test is a control that is usually considered very technical, very rigorous, because it controls not only the breakage, but controls the way the break occurs (very important in a product that is so long and thin) that it must be NON-SUCBED, but before deformation , that is to say, not fragile rupture but with a pseudo-ductility. This is internationally required for GRC and UHPC (Ultra-High Performance Concrete) materials that involve high fiber dosages.
    [0286] It should be noted that the LOAD-ARROW curves are similar to the TENSION-DEFORMATION curves that control homogeneous ductile materials.
    [0287]
    [0288] The material of the invention, previously having been punished after 24 hours of immersion in water as required by this standard, obtains 12.5 MPa on average at 7 days and 13 MPa at 28 days, and what is more important, the graphs express that the behavior is elastic until reaching its maximum Load, since the diagram is observed with an almost straight slope until reaching its maximum, to then go deforming and deforming until the total break. This indicates that it is not a fragile break because the fibers are not allowed to break and the load to be able to break the piece is forced to tear them out.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    1. Part characterized in that its composition comprises the following components: alkalisistant glass fibers or fibers of special steels or polypropylene fibers or combinations thereof, hydraulic cement binder, inorganic pigments, polycarboxylate, siliceous or granitic sand and water, and because it has a length between 180 and 240 cm, a width between 10 and 15 cm and a thickness between 2 and 5 cm.
    [2]
    Piece according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a length of 200 cm, a width of 12.5 cm and a thickness of 3 cm.
    [3]
    Piece, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that its composition also comprises nanosilica, or metakaolin, or graphene in the form of nanofibers, or acrylic polymer, or a combination thereof.
    [4]
    Piece according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hydraulic cement binder is present in the composition in an amount between 600 and 1,000 kg per cubic meter of total composition.
    [5]
    Piece according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cement hydraulic binder is white or gray Portland cement, or magnesian cement, or hydraulic lime, or fly ash, or a combination thereof.
    [6]
    Piece, according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the alkali-resistant glass fibers or fibers of special steels or polypropylene fibers or combinations thereof are present in the composition in an amount between 40 and 100 kg per cubic meter of total composition.
    [7]
    Piece according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the siliceous or granitic sands are present in the composition between 700 and 1,000 kg per cubic meter of total composition.
    [8]
    Piece according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the polycarboxylate is present in the composition in an amount between 10 and 30 kg per cubic meter of total composition.
    [9]
    9. Piece according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the water is present in the composition in an amount between 150 and 300 liters per cubic meter of total composition.
    [10]
    10. Piece according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the inorganic pigments are present in the composition in an amount between 5 and 30 kg per cubic meter of total composition.
    [11]
    Piece according to any of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the acrylic polymer is present in the composition in an amount between 20 and 100 kg per cubic meter of total composition.
    [12]
    Piece according to any of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that the graphene in the form of nanofibers is present in the composition between 1 and 30 kg per cubic meter of total composition.
    [13]
    Piece according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also comprises anatase titanium dioxide without photocatalytically active dopant.
    [14]
    14. Procedure for forming a part, according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:
    (a) mix the components.
    (b) pour the components into molds by means of gravity, injection or pumping and simultaneous compaction.
    (c) place the molds in hardening chambers at a temperature between 20 ° and 70 ° C and humidity between 60% and 100%.
    (d) unmolding the pieces of the molds.
    [15]
    15. Use of a piece, according to any of claims 1 to 13, for flooring.
    [16]
    16. Use of a part, according to any of claims 1 to 13, for the coating or formation of walls.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2715615B2|2019-10-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP1227199A1|1999-07-28|2002-07-31|Uralita de Productos Y Servicios, S.A.|Composition for the fabrication of silicate plates|
    KR20090081201A|2008-01-23|2009-07-28|주식회사 한국테크월|Precast panel and it's making method|
    KR20130128719A|2012-05-17|2013-11-27|윤복모|Environment-friendly floor panel and manufacturing method thereof|
    US20150099409A1|2013-10-03|2015-04-09|Daniel Kim|Cement Board|
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